/* Research Desk: the site's existing white, blue and lavender palette. */
.rd{--rd-ink:#17233b;--rd-muted:#5c6e8c;--rd-line:#dce4f5;--rd-blue:#245cf6;--rd-purple:#6742e9;color:var(--rd-ink);font-family:var(--ff-body,'Jost',Arial,sans-serif)}
.rd *, .rd-article-meta *{box-sizing:border-box}.rd [hidden]{display:none!important}.rd a{text-underline-offset:4px}.rd h1,.rd h2,.rd h3{font-family:inherit;letter-spacing:-.035em;color:var(--rd-ink)}.rd h2{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3vw,2.4rem);line-height:1.18}.rd h3{line-height:1.3}.rd p{color:var(--rd-muted);line-height:1.75}.rd .container{max-width:1320px;padding-left:5%;padding-right:5%}.rd-eyebrow{font-size:.72rem!important;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.17em;line-height:1.5!important;color:#5e69ba!important;margin-bottom:16px}.rd-text-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;color:#315bd2;font-size:.94rem;font-weight:600;min-height:44px}.rd-text-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.rd .btn{min-height:48px}.rd-sr{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
.rd-hero{padding:175px 0 80px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 92% 2%,#e8e4ff,transparent 55%),linear-gradient(135deg,#fff,#f0f5ff);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rd-line)}.rd-hero .breadcrumb{margin-bottom:40px}.rd-hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr .8fr;gap:70px;align-items:center}.rd-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.8rem,5.2vw,4.8rem);line-height:1.04;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.055em;margin:0 0 26px}.rd-hero h1 em{font-style:normal;background:linear-gradient(95deg,#245cf6,#7964df);background-clip:text;-webkit-background-clip:text;color:transparent}.rd-lead{max-width:650px;font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.85!important}.rd-hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:30px}.rd-hero-note{font-size:.78rem;margin-top:25px;color:#6b7e9f!important}.rd-cover{isolation:isolate;position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:linear-gradient(140deg,#244fd0,#5b42ba);color:#fff;border-radius:18px;padding:28px 32px 32px;box-shadow:0 24px 58px #283d8028;transform:rotate(2deg)}.rd-cover:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:0;background-image:linear-gradient(#ffffff0c 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,#ffffff0c 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:34px 34px;z-index:-1}.rd-cover-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.16em;color:#d9dfff;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff35;padding-bottom:20px}.rd-cover-orbit{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:72px;height:72px;border-radius:50%;background:#ffffff17;border:1px solid #c4c8ff60;font-size:2.7rem;margin:28px 0;color:#ddedff}.rd-cover>p{color:#d9e3ff;font-size:.85rem;margin:16px 0}.rd-cover h2{font-size:2rem;color:#fff;line-height:1.14;margin:0}.rd-cover>a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;min-height:48px;margin-top:25px;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid #ffffff35;color:#fff;font-size:.85rem}.rd-cover>a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.rd-topics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:12px}.rd-topics a{padding:20px 14px;min-height:76px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rd-line);color:#3d557d;font-weight:500;font-size:.92rem}.rd-topics a:hover{background:#edf1ff;color:#245cf6}.rd-topics span{display:block;font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.08em;color:#8894b4;margin-bottom:9px}.rd-section-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px;margin-bottom:30px}.rd-section-heading>p{max-width:330px;font-size:.9rem}.rd-section-heading h2{margin:0}.rd-section-heading .rd-eyebrow{margin:0 0 10px}.rd-feature{padding-top:64px;padding-bottom:64px}.rd-feature-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.8fr 1.2fr;border:1px solid var(--rd-line);border-radius:18px;background:#fff;overflow:hidden;transition:box-shadow .2s,border-color .2s}.rd-feature-card:hover{border-color:#adbeed;box-shadow:0 18px 38px #29466e13}.rd-feature-card>div:first-child{background:#edf1ff;display:flex;align-items:center}.rd-feature-card>div+div{padding:36px 40px}.rd-feature-card h3{font-size:clamp(1.55rem,2.5vw,2.2rem);margin:14px 0}.rd-feature-card p{font-size:.96rem;margin-bottom:20px}.rd-tag{display:inline-block;padding:7px 11px;border:1px solid #d9e0ff;border-radius:6px;color:#5365bb;background:#f2f3ff;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:500}.rd-byline{display:flex;gap:4px 16px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.7;color:#64738f}.rd-byline time{color:#7382a1}.rd-byline b{font-size:.65rem;letter-spacing:.04em;padding:0 6px;border-radius:4px;background:#edf0f7;color:#64718c}.rd-feature-card .rd-text-link{margin-top:13px}
.rd-art{position:relative;display:block;width:100%;height:185px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 20% 20%,#ded9ff,transparent 70%),linear-gradient(130deg,#e9f1ff,#f4f1ff);overflow:hidden;color:#526ee7}.rd-art svg{width:100%;height:100%;opacity:.75}.rd-grid-line{stroke:#7792df;stroke-opacity:.15;stroke-width:1}.rd-chart{stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:2.8}.rd-chart-fill{fill:currentColor;fill-opacity:.08}.rd-art>span{position:absolute;top:20px;left:22px;padding:7px 10px;font-size:.63rem;letter-spacing:.13em;background:#ffffffde;border:1px solid #ffffff;border-radius:5px;color:#47609c}.rd-art-sectors{color:#8364dd;background:linear-gradient(120deg,#e9e7ff,#eff5ff)}.rd-art-letter{color:#5572d7;background:linear-gradient(130deg,#e2eaff,#f1e6ff)}.rd-art-archive{color:#8493ac;filter:saturate(.5)}.rd-art-goal{color:#5379c7}.rd-art-sip{color:#6d65d3}.rd-feature .rd-art{height:100%;min-height:310px}.rd-feature .rd-art svg{transform:scale(1.1)}
.rd-library{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:64px;scroll-margin-top:160px}.rd-search{display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative;max-width:360px;width:100%;gap:12px}.rd-search svg{position:absolute;left:14px;width:18px;height:18px;color:#798db0}.rd-search input{height:48px;width:100%;border:1px solid var(--rd-line);border-radius:9px;padding:11px 14px 11px 42px;font-family:inherit;font-size:.9rem}.rd-filters{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:14px}.rd-filters button{min-height:44px;border:1px solid var(--rd-line);border-radius:8px;background:#fff;color:#5a6d90;font-family:inherit;font-size:.82rem;padding:10px 15px;cursor:pointer;transition:background .2s,color .2s,box-shadow .2s}.rd-filters button:hover{background:#e9eeff}.rd-filters button[aria-pressed=true]{background:#245cf6;border-color:#245cf6;box-shadow:0 5px 14px #245cf627;color:#fff}.rd-result-count{font-size:.78rem;margin:18px 0}.rd-card-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px}.rd-card{min-width:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--rd-line);border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;display:flex;flex-direction:column;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s,transform .2s}.rd-card:hover{border-color:#b5c4ee;box-shadow:0 14px 30px #2b407515;transform:translateY(-3px)}.rd-card-body{padding:24px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1}.rd-meta{display:flex;gap:12px;justify-content:space-between;font-size:.67rem;color:#6578a7;line-height:1.5}.rd-meta span:first-child{color:#5b64bd;font-weight:500}.rd-meta span:last-child{white-space:nowrap}.rd-card h3{font-size:1.35rem;margin:16px 0 12px}.rd-card h3 a{color:inherit}.rd-card h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.rd-card p{font-size:.89rem;margin-bottom:22px;flex:1}.rd-card .rd-byline{border-top:1px solid #edf0f8;padding-top:14px;display:grid;gap:3px}.rd-card .rd-text-link{font-size:.83rem;margin-top:12px}.rd-empty{padding:48px;text-align:center;border:1px dashed #bacaf0;border-radius:16px;background:#fff}.rd-empty p{margin:12px 0 20px}
.rd-newsletter{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:80px;background:linear-gradient(120deg,#eaf0ff,#eeeaff);border-top:1px solid #dfe5fa;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe5fa;padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px;scroll-margin-top:160px}.rd-newsletter h2{margin-bottom:18px}.rd-newsletter p{font-size:.95rem}.rd-newsletter .rd-text-link{margin-top:14px}.rd-newsletter small{display:block;color:#65799e;font-size:.72rem;margin-top:6px}.rd-issue{display:block;background:#fff;padding:28px 30px;border-radius:13px;border:1px solid #d8def7;box-shadow:0 10px 26px #455da10d;align-self:center}.rd-issue>span{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.14em;color:#6271bb}.rd-issue h3{font-size:2rem;margin:18px 0 10px}.rd-issue p{margin-bottom:16px}.rd-issue time{font-size:.74rem;color:#6b7c9b}.rd-issue:hover{border-color:#a3b4e9}.rd-standards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:30px;padding-top:70px;padding-bottom:50px}.rd-standards h2{font-size:1.6rem}.rd-standards h3{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:12px}.rd-standards p{font-size:.81rem}.rd-disclaimer{padding-top:28px;padding-bottom:45px;border-top:1px solid var(--rd-line)}.rd-disclaimer strong{color:#5e6e8a;font-size:.8rem}.rd-disclaimer p{font-size:.76rem;margin-top:8px;line-height:1.8}
.rd-article-header{padding-top:174px;padding-bottom:38px}.rd-article-header .breadcrumb{margin-bottom:35px}.rd-article-header h1{font-size:clamp(2.3rem,4.6vw,3.8rem);max-width:950px;line-height:1.13;margin:22px 0;font-weight:600}.rd-article-header .rd-lead{max-width:800px}.rd-article-meta{display:flex;gap:20px 35px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:24px 0;margin-top:24px;border-top:1px solid #dce4f5;border-bottom:1px solid #dce4f5;font-family:'Jost',Arial,sans-serif;color:#607393;font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.65}.rd-article-meta strong{display:block;font-weight:500;font-size:.67rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7c89a4;margin-bottom:5px}.rd-article-meta a{color:#315fd4}.rd-article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,1fr);gap:65px;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:70px;align-items:start}.rd-toc{position:sticky;top:160px}.rd-toc a,.rd-toc button{display:block;text-align:left;width:100%;min-height:44px;padding:10px 0;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #e0e7f6;background:none;color:#5c7196;font-family:inherit;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.6;cursor:pointer}.rd-toc a:hover,.rd-toc button:hover{color:#245cf6}.rd-toc .rd-print{margin-top:25px;color:#315bd2}.rd-copy-status{font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.6;color:#526c9e;display:block;margin-top:8px}.rd-article-content{min-width:0;max-width:790px}.rd-brief{padding:26px 30px;border-radius:12px;background:linear-gradient(120deg,#e8efff,#edeaff);border:1px solid #dbe3fa}.rd-brief p{font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.8;margin:10px 0 0;color:#314d7d}.rd-article-content section{padding:30px 0 0;scroll-margin-top:160px}.rd-article-content h2{font-size:1.65rem;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:16px}.rd-article-content p,.rd-article-content li{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.9;color:#566c8c}.rd-article-content p{margin-bottom:16px}.rd-article-content ul,.rd-article-content ol{padding-left:22px}.rd-article-content a{color:#315bd2;text-decoration:underline}.rd-article-content .btn{text-decoration:none}.rd-source-box{background:#fff;border:1px solid #dce4f5;border-radius:10px;padding:26px 28px;margin-top:38px;scroll-margin-top:160px}.rd-source-box h2{font-size:1.2rem!important}.rd-source-box p,.rd-source-box li{font-size:.84rem!important;line-height:1.8!important}.rd-source-box a{color:#315bd2;text-decoration:underline;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.rd-article-risk{margin-top:30px;padding-top:25px;border-top:1px solid #dce4f5}.rd-article-risk h2{font-size:1rem}.rd-article-risk p{font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.85}.rd-article-end{display:flex;gap:24px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:35px}.rd-article-end .rd-text-link{text-decoration:none}.rd-archive-note{background:#edf1ff;border-left:3px solid #7964df;padding:22px 25px;margin:0 0 28px;border-radius:8px}.rd-archive-note p{font-size:.88rem;margin:10px 0 0}.rd-article-page .phero h1{color:#17233b!important}.rd-article-page .phero span[style*="255,255,255"]{color:#617596!important}.rd-article-page .phero{padding-top:174px}.rd-article-page .post-content{min-width:0}.rd-article-page .post-content h2[id]{scroll-margin-top:170px}.rd-article-page .rd-article-meta{max-width:950px}.rd-article-page .phero .rd-article-meta{background:#ffffff73;border-radius:10px;padding:20px}.rd-article-page .post-content .hbox{background:#edf1ff;color:#294876}.rd-article-page .post-content .hbox p{color:#4b648d}.rd a:focus-visible,.rd button:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #8b78e6;outline-offset:4px}
@media(max-width:1000px){.rd-hero-grid{gap:30px}.rd-cover{padding:24px}.rd-cover h2{font-size:1.7rem}.rd-card-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.rd-standards{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.rd-article-layout{grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr);gap:35px}.rd-topics a{font-size:.8rem;padding-left:7px}.rd-feature-card>div+div{padding:28px}.rd-newsletter{gap:35px}}
@media(max-width:700px){.rd-hero{padding-top:155px;padding-bottom:40px}.rd-hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}.rd-hero h1{font-size:3rem}.rd-cover{transform:none}.rd-cover-orbit{position:absolute;right:26px;top:60px;width:58px;height:58px;font-size:2rem}.rd-cover h2{font-size:1.9rem}.rd-cover>a{margin-top:18px}.rd-topics{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin-top:15px}.rd-topics a{font-size:.86rem;padding:18px 10px}.rd-feature{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:40px}.rd-section-heading{display:block}.rd-section-heading>p{margin-top:16px;max-width:none}.rd-feature-card{grid-template-columns:1fr}.rd-feature .rd-art{min-height:180px;height:180px}.rd-feature-card>div+div{padding:25px}.rd-section-heading .rd-search{max-width:none;margin-top:22px}.rd-search input{font-size:16px}.rd-card-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.rd-card .rd-art{height:165px}.rd-newsletter{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px;padding-top:35px;padding-bottom:35px}.rd-standards{gap:25px;padding-top:40px;grid-template-columns:1fr}.rd-standards>div:first-child{max-width:350px}.rd-standards h3{margin-bottom:6px}.rd-article-header{padding-top:155px;padding-bottom:20px}.rd-article-header h1{font-size:2.4rem}.rd-article-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}.rd-toc{position:static;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;column-gap:20px}.rd-toc .rd-eyebrow{grid-column:1/-1}.rd-toc .rd-print{margin-top:0}.rd-brief{padding:22px}.rd-article-content h2{font-size:1.45rem}.rd-article-meta{gap:16px 25px}.rd-article-meta>span{min-width:130px}.rd-source-box{padding:22px}.rd-article-page .phero{padding-top:155px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.rd *{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}.rd-card:hover{transform:none}}
@media print{.market-ticker,#nav,.mmenu,footer,.business-metrics,#service-role,.rd-toc,.rd-article-end,.mob-cta,.whatsapp-float{display:none!important}.rd-article-header,.rd-article-page .phero{padding:0 0 20px!important}.rd-article-layout{display:block;padding:0!important}.rd-article-header h1{font-size:28pt}.rd-article-content{max-width:none}.rd-article-content section{padding-top:18px}.rd-source-box,.rd-brief{break-inside:avoid;box-shadow:none}.rd-article-content p,.rd-article-content li{color:#17233b;font-size:10.5pt}.rd-article-risk p{font-size:9pt}a{color:#17233b!important}body{background:#fff!important}}

/* Editorial photography: shared covers across the library and article pages. */
.rd-photo img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}
.rd-card .rd-photo{height:220px}
.rd-feature .rd-photo{min-height:350px;align-self:stretch}
.rd-cover{transform:none;background:#fff;color:#17233b;border:1px solid #dce4f5}
.rd-cover:after{display:none}
.rd-cover-top{color:#6271a1;border-color:#dce4f5}
.rd-cover-photo{margin:22px -32px 20px;height:210px;overflow:hidden}
.rd-cover-photo img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center 42%;display:block}
.rd-cover h2{color:#17233b}
.rd-cover>p{color:#5c6e8c}
.rd-cover>a{color:#245cf6;border-color:#dce4f5}
.rd-article-photo{margin:0 0 30px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:16px;background:#edf1ff}
.rd-article-photo img{display:block;width:100%;height:clamp(230px,30vw,390px);object-fit:cover}
.rd-wide-photo{margin:38px auto 0}
@media(max-width:1000px){.rd-cover-photo{margin-inline:-24px}}
@media(max-width:700px){.rd-card .rd-photo{height:220px}.rd-feature .rd-photo{height:230px;min-height:230px}.rd-article-photo{border-radius:12px}.rd-cover-photo{height:230px}}